Rioja is a wine from a region named after the Rio Oja in Spain, a tributary de the Ebro. It is made from grapes grown in the provinces de La Rioja, Southern Álava or Navarre. La Rioja is further subdivided into three zones (in rising order de warmth) Rioja Alavesa, Rioja Alta and Rioja Baja. Rioja Alta is the highest de these zones and is said to produce the best wine. Many wines have traditionally blended fruit from all 3 regions though there is a slow growth in single zone wines.

The wine is a blend de various grape varieties, and can be either red, white or rosado (rose). In red wines, the best-known variety used is Tempranillo. Other grapes used include Garnacha Tinta, Graciano, and Mazuelo. One wine maker, Marques de Riscal is permitted to grow and use Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot by special dispensation. Other wineries also have experimental plantings de these varietals.


Malvasia, Garnacha Blanca and Viura (known alternately as Macabeo) are used in the production de Rioja Blanco (white Rioja).

Rioja red wines are classified into four categories. The first, simply labeled "Rioja", is the youngest, spending less than a year in an oak aging barrel. A "crianza" is wine aged for at least two years, at least one de which was in oak. "Rioja Reserva" is aged for at least three years, de which at least one year is in oak. Finally, "Rioja Gran Reserva" wines have been aged at least two years in oak and three years in bottle. Reserva and Gran Reserva wines are not necessarily produced each year. Also produced are wines in a semi-crianza style, those that have had a couple de months oak influence but not enough to be called a full crianza. According to the official classification, recent excellent vintages were 1982, 1994, 1995, 2001 and 2004.

Wine has been produced in the region since the Roman era de Hispania Tarraconensis. Rioja’s wine industry started within the monasteries founded to serve pilgrims on the Camino de Santiago.

In 1925, Rioja was the first to be granted Denominacion de Origen status; in 1991, the appellation was promoted to a Denominacion de Origen Calificada due to its consistent quality.


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