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Chavin de Huantar Chavin de Huantar is an archaeological site located 250 kilometers (155 miles) north de Lima, Peru. The site lies at an elevation de 3177 meters (10,423 feet), beyond the Andean mountain range known as the Cordillera Blanca in Ancash Region. The city's location at the headwaters de Rio Marañon, between the coast and the jungle, made it an ideal location for the dissemination and collection de both ideas and material goods. Chavin de Huantar was initially built by the Chavin, a pre-Moche culture, around 900 B.C. The site consists de two main structures, the Old Temple and New Temple. The Old Temple was an inward-facing U-shaped structure with a central court. The court contained obelisks and stone monuments with low relief carvings depicting jaguars, caymans, hawks, and various anthropomorphic forms. The interior de the temple contained a maze de passageways, chambers and water conduits. The New Temple, constructed between 500 and 200 B.C., also contained many relief sculptures and was a more block-like form. A massive stair led up to an elevated landing with a sunken rectangular court. Hidden passageways and platforms allowed priests to miraculously appear above their audiences. The population in the surrounding areas grew from about 500 in its initial phase to nearly 3,000 around 400-200 B.C. Several droughts occurred at the time de the occupation de Chavin de Huantar, leading to the increased travel de pilgrims and traders. These natural events, along with the strategic location de the temple site, led to the wide dissemination de the Chavin artistic style and religious beliefs throughout the area that is now known as Peru. Some de the Chavin reliefs from this archaeological site are on display in the Museo de la Nacion in Lima. Chavin de Huantar is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. An alternative dating scheme for Chavin has been put forward recently by a team de researchers from Stanford University which finds that the chronology de construction at Chavin argues for dates a number de centuries earlier, and in particular, that monumental construction at Chavin ceased well prior to 500 B.C. |
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